Effectiveness of Flu Vaccines
DrOshidar • May 23, 2024
Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Summary from The Lancet Infectious Diseases 10/17/2014 PDF
Background
No published meta-analyses have assessed efficacy and effectiveness of licensed influenza vaccines in the USA with sensitive and
highly specific diagnostic tests to confirm influenza.
Methods
We searched Medline for randomized controlled trials assessing a relative reduction in influenza risk of all circulating influenza
viruses during individual seasons after vaccination (efficacy) and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria (effectiveness).
Eligible articles were published between Jan 1, 1967, and Feb 15, 2011, and used RT-PCR or culture for confirmation of
influenza. We excluded some studies on the basis of study design and vaccine characteristics. We estimated random-effects
pooled efficacy for trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) when data were available for
statistical analysis (eg, at least three studies that assessed comparable age groups).
Findings
We screened 5707 articles and identified 31 eligible studies (17 randomized controlled trials and 14 observational studies).
Efficacy of TIV was shown in eight (67%) of the 12 seasons analyzed in ten randomized controlled trials (pooled efficacy 59% [95%
CI 51—67] in adults aged 18—65 years). No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 2—17 years or adults aged 65 years
or older. Efficacy of LAIV was shown in nine (75%) of the 12 seasons analyzed in ten randomized controlled trials (pooled efficacy
83% [69—91]) in children aged 6 months to 7 years. No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 8—17 years. Vaccine
effectiveness was variable for seasonal influenza: six (35%) of 17 analyses in nine studies showed significant protection against
medically attended influenza in the outpatient or inpatient setting. Median monovalent pandemic H1N1 vaccine effectiveness in
five observational studies was 69% (range 60—93).
Interpretation
Influenza vaccines can provide moderate protection against virologically confirmed influenza, but such protection is greatly
reduced or absent in some seasons. Evidence for protection in adults aged 65 years or older is lacking. LAIVs consistently show
highest efficacy in young children (aged 6 months to 7 years). New vaccines with improved clinical efficacy and effectiveness
are needed to further reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality.
Credits : Alfred P Sloan Foundation, Prof Michael T Osterholm PhD, Nicholas S Kelley PhD, Prof Alfred Sommer MD, Edward A Belongia MD
Originally posted on January 30,2023, this article has been updated on August 24, 2024 to reflect the latest research and statistics. Our editorial team has ensured you’re viewing the most current data on this topic. Need help or have a question? Email us.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. For years, dietary cholesterol was implicated in increasing blood cholesterol levels leading to the elevated risk of CVD. To date, extensive research did not show evidence to support a role of dietary cholesterol in the development of CVD. As a result, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans removed the recommendations of restricting dietary cholesterol to 300 mg/day. This review summarizes the current literature regarding dietary cholesterol intake ...
https://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/2017.cfm ** Feel free to use this article on your website. and have it linked back to www.FunctionalMedicineUniversity.com ** Read my past articles: http://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/department88.cfm ATTENTION DOCTORS AND ALL HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS Tell your friends and colleagues about Clinical Rounds . This is a great introduction to the field of functional medicine. Here is the webpage to subscribe: http://www.clinicalrounds.com Take care, Ron P.S. Please visit our facebook page and " Like It " Of course if you really like it. :) http://www.facebook.com/pages/Functional-Medicine-University/161486170671332
https://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/2012.cfm ** Feel free to use this article on your website. Compliments from Functional Medicine University. ** Read my past articles: http://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/department88.cfm View Rick Bramos Fitness YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_x4I27Z0DfYkfcroXxAhcA/videos Here is Rick's New Video of the Week: https://youtu.be/Pk9FeTKlufU Rick is now offering phone consultations for those wanting to lose weight or simply to improve their fitness. Rick can be reached at 2days2fitness@gmail.com for more details. ATTENTION DOCTORS AND ALL HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS Tell your friends and colleagues about Clinical Rounds . This is a great introduction to the field of functional medicine. Here is the webpage to subscribe: http://www.clinicalrounds.com Take care, R on P.S. Please visit our facebook page and " Like It " Of course if you really like it. :) http://www.facebook.com/pages/Functional-Medicine-University/161486170671332
https://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/2006.cfm ** Feel free to use this article on your website. All I ask is to add at the bottom of the article: Compliments from Functional Medicine University and have it linked back to www.FunctionalMedicineUniversity.com ** Read my past articles: http://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/department88.cfm ===================== View Rick Bramos Fitness YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_x4I27Z0DfYkfcroXxAhcA/videos Here is Rick's New Video of the Week: https://youtu.be/Pk9FeTKlufU Rick is now offering phone consultations for those wanting to lose weight or simply to improve their fitness. Rick can be reached at 2days2fitness@gmail.com for more details. ===================== ATTENTION DOCTORS AND ALL HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS Tell your friends and colleagues about Clinical Rounds. This is a great introduction to the field of functional medicine. Here is the webpage to subscribe: http://www.clinicalrounds.com Take care, Ron P.S. Please visit our facebook page and "Like It" Of course if you really like it. :) http://www.facebook.com/pages/Functional-Medicine-University/161486170671332
https://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/2000.cfm ** Feel free to use this article on your website. Compliments from Functional Medicine University. ** Read my past articles: http://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com/public/department88.cfm ===================== View Rick Bramos Fitness YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_x4I27Z0DfYkfcroXxAhcA/videos Here is Rick's New Video of the Week: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W__EwtXJkyY Rick is now offering phone consultations for those wanting to lose weight or simply to improve their fitness. Rick can be reached at 2days2fitness@gmail.com for more details. ===================== ATTENTION DOCTORS AND ALL HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS Tell your friends and colleagues about Clinical Rounds. This is a great introduction to the field of functional medicine. Here is the webpage to subscribe: http://www.clinicalrounds.com Take care, Ron P.S. Please visit our facebook page and "Like It" Of course if you really like it. :) http://www.facebook.com/pages/Functional-Medicine-University/161486170671332
At the very least, you'll want to keep this to a minimum. Inflammation is often visible—think red skin or a swollen knee. However, inflammation can also occur on the inside, and it's not always so easy to detect. "Inflammation is a physiological process involved in the defense of our body and the repair of tissues," says Jenna Stangland, RD , a Momentous advisor. Stangland explains that inflammation can be triggered by infections, trauma, toxins or allergic reactions. Sometimes, it becomes chronic in the muscles and tissues. Unfortunately, Stangland says chronic inflammation carries risks. "Chronic inflammation can end up stimulating the development of cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disease, neurological disease or cancer," Stangland says. "This type of inflammation can last several months as a result of inability to combat and reduce it." Diet isn't a cure-all for chronic inflammation or the diseases it can trigger. However, it's an important tool. "Diet plays a significant role in inflammation, as certain foods can either promote or reduce inflammation in the body," says Michelle Routhenstein, MS, RD, CDCES, CDN , a preventive cardiology dietitian at EntirelyNourished.com . One food in particular is worth avoiding. RDs shared the food to limit if you have chronic inflammation. Related: The One Diet That Will Actually Lower Your Heart Attack Risk, According to Cardiologists
What does the medical peer reviewed literature say may be at the root of the following diseases: Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance/Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Cancer Obesity Depression Autoimmune Disease Neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease) Osteoporosis Immunosenescence (the progressive decline in immune function with increasing age) The Answer is: INFLAMMATION
18 or 80 most anyone can do these. Remember create a habit first. Perform these exercises just twice a week.
